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Minecraft

An open-ended block building and survival game.

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Where Minecraft comes up11 episodes and tests

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In short

Minecraft's open structure lets players set their own goals, and it became the best-selling video game of all time. Its voxel grid keeps destruction and object creation affordable, and randomness gives endless worlds variety. Other teams borrowed from it: Zelda took its mining and tabbed inventory (five tabs of up to 36 echoes). Lesson: give players freedom, but constrain it technically.

At a glanceMinecraft hands players toys and lets them find the point
  1. 1Build a sandboxNo rules are set
  2. 2Hand over toysCubes players add and remove freely
  3. 3Set a goalPlayers choose their own goals
  4. 4Let players get onAlone, with friends or for an audience

From Mark Brown's summary of Minecraft

What was said about Minecraft

1An open sandbox where players find the point

  • Minecraft sets no rules, so players choose their own goals. Its open structure lets people be builders, farmers or coders, and find the point alone, with friends or for an audience. It is the best-selling video game of all time.

    It sits at the active end of the passive to active spectrum, alongside Factorio: the designer builds a sandbox, hands over toys, sets a goal and lets the player get on with it. Mark Brown's summary: "The point is for you to find the point."

  • Procedural worlds give endless variety that hand-crafting cannot. Minecraft's endless worlds depend on randomness: algorithms produce near infinite setups, as with Shadow of Mordor's unique Orc captains.

    Procedural levels are rarely as good as handmade ones, so the trade is variety and replay over crafted quality.

2The voxel grid that makes building affordable

  • A grid of simple cubes keeps adding and removing blocks cheap. Minecraft extends grid-based destruction into 3D voxels, where cubes can be added and removed freely. The simple voxel graphics on a grid keep the cost of letting players add objects manageable.

    Adding objects to a game can tank frame rate and exceed memory, so games that allow it work within firm limits: Dreams uses a creation budget and Shadow Complex's foam gun works in two dimensions. Many later voxel games, such as No Man's Sky and Astroneer, smooth the cubes with algorithms like marching cubes.

3Inventory tabs and directional sound subtitles

  • Category tabs make a 1000-item inventory easy to browse. Minecraft's creative mode sorts over 1000 objects into category tabs so only a limited pool of items is shown at any one time.

    Mark Brown copied the idea when redesigning Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom's UI, using five tabs of up to 36 echoes each with no scrolling.

  • Sound subtitles use arrows to show where a noise comes from. Minecraft's subtitles caption noises like plopping items and moving animals, with left and right arrows showing direction.

    Saying what a sound is covers only half the job; showing where it comes from restores spatial information that hearing players get.

4Minecraft's influence on other games

  • Minecraft became a reference point other studios borrow from. Nintendo's Breath of the Wild team played Minecraft, Terraria and Skyrim for ideas, and the game's ore smashing echoes Minecraft's mining.

    Minecraft itself grew from Infiniminer, and Subnautica was pitched as "Minecraft underwater".

  • Microsoft required equal billing for Steve and Alex in Smash. Minecraft's Super Smash Bros. fighter reveal trailer had to feature Steve and Alex equally because Microsoft required it.

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