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Fiat

An Italian mass-market carmaker that owned Ferrari from 1969 to the 2015 IPO.

fiat.com1 source3 tips
In short

Fiat took full control of Ferrari in 1988 at a $192 million valuation, then pushed volume to 4,500 cars by 1991 and left cars unsold, with workers furloughed. Output growth undercut a luxury brand's scarcity. Marchionne later used the 2015 IPO ($9.8 billion market cap, near $100 billion at peak) to ease Fiat Chrysler's debt. Lesson: protect scarcity in a premium brand.

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Other

Apple

A consumer technology company that makes the Mac, iPod, iPhone and software.

74 sources · 200 tips
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Google

Google's web search product, now including AI Overviews, AI Mode and Lens.

47 sources · 97 tips
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Google Play

Google's app store for Android, with its own listing rules and search ranking.

18 sources · 49 tips
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Standard Oil

John D. Rockefeller's oil refining company that came to dominate American kerosene and oil distribution.

5 sources · 48 tips
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TSMC

The world's leading contract chip maker, a pure-play foundry that manufactures chips for fabless designers.

6 sources · 32 tips
Other

Tesla

An electric car maker that builds its own key components and factories.

13 sources · 23 tips
Other

Intel

A semiconductor company that made memory chips and the first microprocessor.

10 sources · 20 tips
Other

SpaceX

A private aerospace company building reusable rockets, the Dragon capsule, Starship and the Starlink satellite network.

4 sources · 27 tips