Visa
Signed 700,000 members within a year or two of launch, but had to become a bank in each new country to expand. Its merchant network was about 25% of Visa's by the mid-1980s, and it turned down the $14 million Olympic sponsorship that Visa later bought.
Tips
- Visa's open-loop network of banks scaled faster than American Express's closed loop▶ 1:39:00Visa's merchant network was roughly four times the size of American Express's by the mid-1980s.
- Visa's marketing chief positioned against American Express and bought the Olympics to erase the stigma on credit▶ 2:13:20Visa has been the exclusive payment provider at the Olympics for 37 years and is contracted through 2032.







